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## Tour
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tour.name = Lab Tour Final v1.0
## Skin
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### Description
album_0C6001CE_1195_2BE0_41B1_C91798B15345_0.description = Detecting protein expression by western blotting
album_0C6001CE_1195_2BE0_41B1_C91798B15345_1.description = Measuring amounts of green fluorescent protein
album_0CBC58A8_116E_F9A0_4196_CF1526F080AE_0.description = Lipid accumulation in porcine liver
album_0CBC58A8_116E_F9A0_4196_CF1526F080AE_1.description = Stages of mitosis
album_0CBC58A8_116E_F9A0_4196_CF1526F080AE_2.description = Microplastics in blue mussels
album_0CBC58A8_116E_F9A0_4196_CF1526F080AE_3.description = Gram Stained Bacteria
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album_0C6001CE_1195_2BE0_41B1_C91798B15345_1.label = PXi 2
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photo_0A7006D5_19ED_CF96_4198_39592472DF0C.label = qPCR
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photo_E7A9D01C_F58B_757B_41E0_B9C8A42C4528.label = Thermal Cycler
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## Popup
### Body
htmlText_0111678B_1197_E861_41A7_3A477BDBCAEA.html = The qPCR machine can be used to:
• measure levels of gene expression, for example in response to drug treatment
• measure environmental DNA in order to monitor the populations of organisms within the environment
• perform melt curve analysis to determine the presence of different forms of a gene within different individuals
This is used for viewing DNA on agarose gels and proteins on SDS-PAGE gels.
The colony counter is used to count bacterial or yeast colonies on agar plates. It can be used to study the effects of drugs on pathogens.
For example, one student examined the effect of silver nanoparticles on the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans.
The PXi imaging system can be used to detect proteins by western blotting and fluorescent molecules such as the green fluorescent protein.
Projects that it has been used for include detecting protein expression levels in different types of cancer and measuring the effects of aluminium-containing deodorants on cell growth and DNA mutation.
Click on the images below to see what these look like.
Microscopes can be used for studying tissues, cells and other microscopic particles.
They have been used in student research projects to study:
• differences in lipid accumulation in free-range and organic porcine liver
• effects of drugs on cell division
• occurrence of Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria on surfaces
• incidence of microplastics in Blue Mussels
Click on the slides below to see what these look like.
This is one of the student research project labs. During their course, we help our students to design a research project on a topic that they are interested in. Click on the different pieces of equipment to find out what they do and how they can be used in a research project.
The plate reader can be used to measure absorbance of light in 96-well plates. This can be used to screen drugs against microorganisms or cancerous cell lines.
The plate reader can also be used for ELISA assays which use antibodies to measure the concentration of biomolecules. For example, measuring levels of stress hormone cortisol, or cotinine, a break down product from nicotine.
Agarose gel electrophoresis is used to analyse the size of DNA samples.
It can be used in gene cloning projects or projects which analyse the presence of different genes within a population.
SDS-PAGE is a technique used to separate proteins according to size. It can be used for analysing mixtures of proteins extracted from tissues, or recombinant proteins that have been overexpressed and purified.
The thermal cycler is used to run polymerase chain reactions which synthesise DNA. It can be used for gene cloning projects or for detecting different forms of genes in a population of people.
The spectrophotometer measures absorbance of light of different wavelengths. It can be used to monitor growth of bacterial or yeast cells or for enzyme assays.
For example, one student measured alkaline phosphatase activity in mouse tissues to determine whether it plays a role in bone development.
The shaking incubator can be used to grow bacteria or yeast in liquid culture. This can be used to test the effects of drugs on pathogens or to grow bacteria for making recombinant proteins.
Proteins that students have synthesised include enzymes, proteins involved in cancer cell signalling and the green fluorescent protein.